The suitability of wastewater from the Al-Medan and Dandan estuaries for disposal into Tigris River within Mosul city \ Iraq

Section: Research Article
Issue
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Rafidain Environment January 2025
Published
Oct 6, 2025
Pages
10-27

Abstract

   Numerous physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the wastewater of Al-Medan and Danadan estuaries, which drain their Waste water to Tigris River within the city of Mosul. Monthly Water sampling lasted for studied for the period from December 2023 to February 2024. Some physical, chemical and biological characteristics were measured, Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Hardness (T.H.), Turbidity, Sulfate (SO2-2), Orthophosphate (PO4-3), Nitrate (NO3-), Chloride (Cl-) and Total Bacterial and Coliform Counts were done. The study showed that some characteristics were exceeded when compared with the Iraqi standards. The results showed an increase in the Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) with a decrease in Dissolved Oxygen (DO) values. While the temperature and pH were within the normal range at the two sites of the current study and in all months. The study concluded that the quality of the disposed water is unclean with high turbidity, and it is hard to very hard consistency. The values of sulfate ions, orthophosphate, nitrate, and chloride, were within the Iraqi standards for disposal into rivers. In terms of the total numbers of bacteria and coliform bacteria, High numbers were registered in both sites during the study period.

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Authors

Ramadhan A. M. Al-Hadedi
Shaymaa Khaleel Abdullah
Mahmmoud Ismail Al-Jubouri

Identifiers

https://doi.org/10.33899/jre.v3i1.49907
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