Qualitative Assessment Of Some Water Wells (Baaj, Tal Afar, Hamdania and Hammam Al-alil) Within Nineveh Govemorate and Their Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation

Section: Research Article
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Rafidain Environment July 2024
Published
Oct 6, 2025
Pages
12-30

Abstract

        The current study involves the qualitative evaluation of water wells (Baaj, Tal Afar, Hamdania and Hammam Al-alil) within Nineveh to assess their suitability for drinking and irrigation during October in the year 2023. The analysis encompasses physical and chemical parameters, including cations (K+, Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2), anions (Cl-, SO4-, PO4-2, HCO3-), TDS, pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, as well as the percentage of sodium, sodium absorption ratio, and heavy metals (lead, iron, copper, zinc, cobalt). Lab tests have shown that this water is not fit for drinking and irrigation purposes by specifications that have been adopted. As well as the water wells was studied with high concentrations of sulphate, which reduces agricultural and human use:


       The results revealed that concentrations of heavy metals (copper, iron, zinc) were within the permissible limits, whereas concentrations of lead and cobalt exceeded the allowable limits for drinking water. Electrical conductivity in the water wells of Hamdania and Hammam Al-alil fell within the allowable limits, whereas those in Baaj and Tal Afar exceeded the permissible limits. The pH levels ranged between 6.70 and 7.58, remaining within the allowable limits. The calcium concentration in the water wells of Hamdania and Hammam Al-alil was within the permitted range, but in Baaj and Tal Afar, it exceeded the allowable limits. The magnesium concentration in the water wells of Hamdania, Hammam Al-alil, Tal Afar, and Baaj exceeded the allowable limits. Potassium concentrations in the water wells of Hamdania, Hammam Al-alil, Tal Afar, and Baaj were within the permissible limits. Sodium concentrations in the water wells of Tal Afar and Hammam Al-alil were within allowable limits, whereas in Baaj and Hamdania, they exceeded the permissible levels. The chloride concentration in water wells in Baaj, Tal Afar, Hammam, and Hammam Al-alil fell within allowable limits. However, the sulfate concentration in water wells in Baaj, Tal Afar, Hammam, and Hammam Al-alil exceeded the allowable limits. Phosphate concentrations in water wells in Baaj, Tal Afar, Hamdania, and Hammam Al-alil also exceeded the allowable limits. The bicarbonate concentration (183-280 mg/l) falls within the allowable limits.

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Authors

Alaa M. Hashim
Ameen L. Ameen
Mohaymin A. Abdul-Karim

Identifiers

https://doi.org/10.33899/jre.v2i2.49892
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